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战争岁月的星火燎?——新民主主义革命期时中国共产党的科技发展实践_电脑报在?/title>
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战争岁月的星火燎?——新民主主义革命期时中国共产党的科技发展实践
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<li>2021/6/30 10:07:40</li>
<li>类型：原?/li>
<li>来源?span>电脑?/span></li>
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【电脑报在线】“一船红中国，万众跟党走”。一百年前，中国共产党诞生在浙江嘉兴南湖的一条小船上。在科学和民主精神感召下诞生的中国共产党，一开始就秉承着马克思关于“科学是一种在历史上起推动作用的革命的力量”的思想理论。它既把科学作为一种最高意义的革命精神，又把科学技术作为振兴中华、抵御外侮的重要手段予以推崇和推进?
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<p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color:rgb(25, 25, 25);"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>“一船红中国，万众跟党走”。一百年前，中国共产党诞生在浙江嘉兴南湖的一条小船上?/span><span style="font-family:宋体;">在科学和民主精神感召下诞生的中国共产党，一开始就秉承着马克思关?/span><span style="font-family:宋体;">“科学是一种在历史上起推动作用的革命的力量”的思想理论。它既把科学作为一种最高意义的革命精神，又把科学技术作为振兴中华、抵御外侮的重要手段予以推崇和推进?/span></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><img src="http://www.condamnepourleternite.com//pic/soso/2021/5/image001.jpg" alt="" /><br /></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:楷体;">中国共产?/span><span style="font-family:楷体;">“一大”会址——南湖红?/span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p><p align="center" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>科学启蒙和苏区的科技试验</strong></span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>科学是五四时期思想启蒙的重要内容之一。党的早期领导人积极提倡的科学主义，不仅阐述了现代科学对社会进步的作用，而且更注重用科学的精神、科学的态度去反对封建迷信和愚昧盲从，把科学的进步提升到了前所未有的高度，极大地推动了现代中国科学事业的发展?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1931年，党在江西瑞金召开了第一次全国苏维埃代表大会，中华苏维埃共和国正式成立。中国共产党着手对军工、医疗、农业、无线电通讯等技术工作开始创办和研究，初创了革命根据地的科技事业?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px; font-family: 宋体;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>毛泽东同志提出：</span><span style="font-size:16px; font-family: 宋体;">“在各地组织小范围的农事试验场，并设立农业研究学校和农产品展览所，却是迫切地需要的。”很快，在苏区的各县，农业实验场轰轰烈烈地开办起来了，他们搞科学试验，指导农民开展科学种田，为打破国民党的包围封锁，发展自给自足的农业经济起到了积极作用?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>在引进技术人才的同时，我党还依靠革命阵营力量，抓紧各种专门人才的教育和培养。苏区实行义务教育，在工农课本里编入了初级的科学知识，还创办了各种专门的学校，如中央农业学校、中央苏区和鄂豫皖苏区的无线电通讯学校、红军卫生学校等等?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color:rgb(68,68,68);"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></span></p><p align="center" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>十四年抗战：科学为救亡服?/strong></span></p><p align="center"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1931年，抗日战争爆发。作为抗日战争的中流砥柱，中国共产党开辟的抗日根据地成为中国人民取得胜利的战略基地。在根据地的建设中，马克斯、恩格斯有关科技的学说对党的领导人产生了深刻的影响，马克思主义科技指导思想得以确立?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1938??日，由高士其、陈康白、李世俊等发起的边区国防科学社正式成立，它的宗旨和任务是在新哲学的基础上研究国防科学的理论与实施。协助国防工业的建设，指导农业的改良和进行医药材料的供给等?945??日，在毛泽东、吴玉章等人的发起和资助下，在延安成立了陕甘宁边区自然科学研究会，提出了“运用唯物辩证法研究自然科学、开展自然科学大众化运动、从事自然科学的探讨、解决自然科学中的理论和应用上的问题”四大任务。一时，自然科学会会员人数达?00多人，开设了机电、炼铁、土木、航空、数量、化学、农业、生物、医药、地矿等十个专业学会?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>党提出的</span><span style="font-size:16px; font-family: 宋体;">“科学大众化”的方针，指出科学和文化事业应为全民族中百分之九十的工农劳苦民众服务。在科学大众化的号召下，根据地掀起了一个全民爱科学、人人投入的广泛群众运动?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>抗日根据地的学校教育也得到了蓬勃发展。建立了两所高等科技学校：中国医科大学和延安自然科学院?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><img src="http://www.condamnepourleternite.com//pic/soso/2021/5/image002.jpg" alt="" /><br /></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px;">1940初，林伯渠等勘察延安自然科学院校址</span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p><p align="center" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>胜利在望，为新中国建设做好人才和技术储?/strong></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>抗战结束以后，中国共产党在科技实践的深度和广度方面，有了更大的进展。解放区的工农业技术水平迅猛发展，也为即将到来的全国解放后的大规模建设，作了培育人才和技术上的准备?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>这一时期，党大力发展工业技术，提出?/span><span style="font-size:16px; font-family: 宋体;">“发展农村手工业及必要的、条件可能的机器工业。”山东、东北和华北等解放区陆续成立了专门的工业技术研究机构，制定了详细的科研发展计划，并深入工矿企业解决生产过程中出现的技术问题。军事工业由分散转向集中，由手工转向机器为主?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space:pre"> </span>解放区科技教育也迅猛发展，先后新建了北方大学、华北大学、东北科学院、沈阳农学院、华中建设大学和各种科研机构?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>建国前夕，东北自然科学究会、中国科学社、中华自然科学社、中国科学工作者协会四个团体，倡议召开?/span><span style="font-size:16px; font-family: 宋体;">“中华全国自然科学工作者代表会议”，不仅奠定了建国后“科学为人民大众”这一党的发展科技事业的总的指导思想，还促成了新中国一系科技政策的制定?/span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><img src="http://www.condamnepourleternite.com//pic/soso/2021/5/image003.jpg" alt="" /><br /></span></p><p align="justify" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:16px;">1950?月召开的中华全国自然科学工作者代表会?/span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size:16px;"> </span></p>
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